DIY EV Maintenance: Simple Checks You Can Do at Home

DIY EV Maintenance: Simple Checks You Can Do at Home

The electric vehicle revolution is well underway in Canada, with more and more Canadians seeing the environmental and economic benefits of driving electric. From the bustling streets of Vancouver to the snowy roads of Quebec, EVs are proving their value. 

However, a common misconception persists: EVs require specialized, expensive maintenance that can only be available at dealerships. While certain high-voltage components do necessitate professional attention, many aspects of EV maintenance at home are surprisingly simple and easy. This comprehensive guide from Carnex will provide you with the knowledge and confidence to do easy EV maintenance checks on your own, saving you time and money while ensuring your EV’s top performance. 

The following guide gives simple, step-by-step instructions for a number of inspections. However, always refer to your owner’s manual for specific suggestions and safety instructions for your particular EV model. Let’s dive in and discover how easy it is to keep your EV running smoothly!

DIY EV Maintenance: Simple Checks You Can Do at Home

DIY EV Maintenance: Simple Checks You Can Do at Home

Tire Pressure and Tread Depth 

Maintaining proper tire pressure and tread depth is perhaps the most important and basic component of DIY EV maintenance. It has a direct impact on your EV’s range, handling, braking performance, and general safety, particularly in Canada’s diverse and frequently harsh climate. Underinflated tires increase rolling resistance, causing the electric motor to work harder and lowering your range. In contrast, overinflated tires diminish traction, resulting in uneven wear and a rougher ride. Similarly, worn tires with insufficient tread depth significantly reduce traction, especially on wet or snowy roads, raising the risk of hydroplaning or skidding.

Why Tire Pressure Matters Even More for EVs:

Because of their battery packs, EVs typically to be heavier than comparable internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. This added weight puts additional strain on the tires, making proper inflation even more important. Furthermore, many EVs have regenerative braking, which absorbs energy during deceleration and sends it back into the batteries. Proper tire pressure boosts the efficiency of regenerative braking, which increases your range.

Checking Tire Pressure (DIY Electric Vehicle Maintenance Step-by-Step):

Locate the Recommended Tire Pressure: This information is usually found on a sticker located on the driver’s side doorjamb. It might also be listed in your owner’s manual. Note that the recommended pressure may differ for front and rear tires. Never use the pressure specified on the tire sidewall; this is the tire’s maximum capacity, not the recommended pressure for your vehicle. Also, be aware of the Canadian climate you are in. Cold temperatures can significantly affect your tire’s pressure.

Use a Reliable Tire Pressure Gauge: Invest in a good quality digital tire pressure gauge. These are readily available at Canadian Tire, auto parts stores, and online retailers. Avoid relying on the gauges often found at gas stations, as these can be inaccurate.

Check Pressure When Tires Are Cold: Tire pressure increases as the tires warm up from driving. For the most accurate reading, check the pressure when the tires have been sitting for at least three hours, or before you’ve driven more than a few kilometers.

Remove the Valve Cap: Unscrew the valve cap from each tire.

Press the Gauge onto the Valve Stem: Firmly press the gauge onto the valve stem until you hear a brief hiss of air. The gauge should display the tire pressure.

Compare to Recommended Pressure: If the pressure is too low, add air using a portable air compressor (available at most auto parts stores) or at a gas station. If the pressure is too high, carefully release air by pressing the small pin inside the valve stem with the back of the gauge or a small tool.

Repeat for All Tires: Check and adjust the pressure in all four tires, including the spare (if applicable).

Replace Valve Caps: Screw the valve caps back on tightly.

Checking Tread Depth (Electric Car DIY Checks):

The Canadian Quarter Test:  This is a simple and practical method for determining tread depth in Canada. Insert a Canadian quarter into many tread grooves across the tire, with the caribou’s nose facing downward.

• If the top of the caribou’s head is visible: Your tires are likely worn below the legal limit (typically 2/32″ or 1.6mm in most Canadian provinces) and need to be replaced.
• If the caribou’s nose is partially covered: Your tires are approaching the wear limit and should be monitored closely.
• If the caribou’s nose is fully covered: Your tires have sufficient tread depth.

Tread Wear Indicators: Most modern tires have built-in tread wear indicator bars. These are small, raised bars located in the grooves of the tire. When the tread wears down to the level of these bars, it’s time to replace the tires.

Visual Inspection: Regularly inspect your tires for uneven wear, bulges, cuts, or other signs of damage. Uneven wear can indicate alignment or suspension problems that require professional attention.

Pro Tips: Check your tire pressure at least once a month and more frequently during significant temperature changes. Check tread depth every few months, or more often if you drive frequently or in challenging conditions. By doing these basic EV maintenance checks, you are not only extending the life of your tires, but also assuring your safety and increasing the efficiency of your EV on Canadian roads.

Windshield Washer Fluid and Wiper Blades

Clear visibility is essential for safe driving, regardless of vehicle type. In Canada, with its unpredictable weather, ranging from heavy snow and freezing rain to intense summer sun and dust, maintaining your windshield washer fluid and wiper blades is a crucial aspect of DIY EV maintenance. This is a simple yet often overlooked task that can significantly impact your safety and driving comfort.

Windshield Washer Fluid (EV Maintenance at Home):

Locating the Reservoir: The windshield washer fluid reservoir is typically located under the hood (or “frunk” in some EVs) and is usually made of translucent plastic, allowing you to easily see the fluid level. It’s often marked with a windshield wiper symbol. Refer to your owner’s manual if you have trouble finding it.

Checking the Fluid Level: Visually inspect the fluid level against the “full” and “low” markings on the reservoir.

Choosing the Right Fluid: IIn Canada, it is extremely important to use windshield washer fluid suitable for low temperatures. Standard “summer” fluids can freeze in the winter, rendering your washer system useless and potentially damaging the reservoir and pump. Look for fluids rated for -40°C or lower, especially if you live in colder regions. These fluids often contain de-icing agents that help melt ice and snow on your windshield. Avoid using plain water, as it can freeze and damage the system.

Topping Up the Fluid: If the fluid level is low, carefully pour the appropriate washer fluid into the reservoir until it reaches the “full” line. Avoid overfilling. Use a funnel to prevent spills.

Testing the System: After topping up the fluid, activate the windshield washers to ensure the system is working correctly. Check that the nozzles are spraying fluid evenly across the windshield. If the spray pattern is weak or uneven, the nozzles may be clogged and need cleaning.

Wiper Blades (Electric Car DIY Checks):

Visual Inspection: Regularly inspect your wiper blades for signs of wear and tear. Look for cracks, tears, or splitting in the rubber. Also, check if the rubber is hardening or becoming brittle.

Performance Test: Pay attention to how well your wiper blades are clearing your windshield. Streaking, skipping, chattering, or leaving areas unwiped are all signs that your blades need to be replaced.

Replacing Wiper Blades (Simple EV Maintenance Checks):

• Lift the Wiper Arm: Gently lift the wiper arm away from the windshield.
• Locate the Release Tab: There’s usually a small tab or clip where the wiper blade attaches to the arm. Press or slide this tab to release the old blade.
• Remove the Old Blade: Slide the old blade off the arm.
• Install the New Blade: Align the new blade with the arm and slide it into place until it clicks or locks. Make sure it’s securely attached.
• Lower the Wiper Arm: Gently lower the wiper arm back onto the windshield.
• Repeat for the Other Blade: Replace the other wiper blade in the same way.

Choosing the Right Blades: Refer to your owner’s manual or an auto parts store’s fitment guide to find the correct size and type of wiper blades for your EV. Consider using winter wiper blades in Canada, as these are designed to withstand harsh winter conditions and prevent ice buildup.

Pro Tips: Check your windshield washer fluid level at least once a month, and more frequently during periods of heavy use. Replace wiper blades every six to twelve months, or sooner if they show signs of wear or aren’t working properly. This DIY EV maintenance is important for safety, especially given Canadian weather conditions.

12-Volt Battery Health 

While the high-voltage battery pack gets all the attention in an EV, the humble 12-volt battery plays a crucial role but is often overlooked. The 12-volt battery, similar to the one found in gasoline-powered cars, powers all the auxiliary systems in your EV: lights, infotainment system, power windows, door locks, and even the computer that controls the high-voltage battery. Its primary function is to power the low-voltage systems and to “wake up” the high-voltage system when you start the car. 

A failing 12-volt battery can cause a surprising number of issues, including a dead infotainment screen and the inability to start your EV (even if the main battery pack is fully charged). Performing regular checks on the 12-volt battery is a critical part of DIY EV maintenance.

Checking 12-Volt Battery Health (EV Maintenance at Home):

Locate the 12-Volt Battery: The location of the 12-Volt battery varies depending on the EV model. It might be under the hood, in the trunk, or even under a rear seat. Consult your owner’s manual for the exact location.

Visual Inspection: Inspect the battery terminals for corrosion. Corrosion appears as a white or greenish powdery substance around the terminals. If you see corrosion, you’ll need to clean it (see below). Also, check the battery casing for any cracks, leaks, or swelling.

Voltage Test (Using a Multimeter): A multimeter is an inexpensive tool that can measure voltage, current, and resistance. It’s essential for checking the health of your 12-volt battery.

• Set the Multimeter: Set the multimeter to measure DC voltage, usually indicated by a “V” with a straight line and a dashed line above it. Select a range that includes 12 volts (e.g., a 20V range).
• Connect the Probes: Connect the red probe to the positive (+) terminal of the battery and the black probe to the negative (-) terminal.
• Read the Voltage: A fully charged 12-volt battery should read around 12.6 volts or higher. A reading below 12.4 volts indicates that the battery is starting to discharge. A reading below 12 volts suggests a significant problem and the battery may need to be replaced.

Cleaning Corroded Terminals:

• Safety First: Disconnect the negative (-) cable first, then the positive (+) cable. Wear safety glasses and gloves.
• Prepare a Cleaning Solution: Mix baking soda with water to create a paste.
• Apply the Paste: Apply the paste to the corroded terminals and let it sit for a few minutes.
• Scrub with a Wire Brush: Use a wire brush (specifically designed for battery terminals) to scrub away the corrosion.
• Rinse with Water: Rinse the terminals with clean water.
• Dry Thoroughly: Dry the terminals completely with a clean cloth.
• Apply Terminal Protectant: Apply a battery terminal protectant spray (available at auto parts stores) to prevent future corrosion.
• Reconnect the Cables: Reconnect the positive (+) cable first, then the negative (-) cable.

Pro Tips: Visually inspect the 12-volt battery every few months. Perform a voltage test when needed and more frequently in extreme temperatures. By incorporating these electric car DIY checks into your EV maintenance, you can significantly extend the life of your 12-volt battery and avoid unexpected issues.

Cabin Air Filter Replacement 

The cabin air filter is an essential aspect of your EV’s HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) system, filtering out dust, pollen, pollutants, and other airborne particles before they enter the cabin. A clean cabin air filter improves air quality within your vehicle, which is especially important for those with allergies and people with respiratory sensitivities. It also contributes to the efficiency of your HVAC system, preventing it from working harder than necessary. Replacing the cabin air filter is a simple and inexpensive DIY EV maintenance task that may significantly improve your driving experience and overall wellness.

Locating and Replacing the Cabin Air Filter (EV Maintenance at Home):

Consult Your Owner’s Manual: The location of the cabin air filter varies depending on the EV model. It’s most commonly located behind the glove compartment, but it can also be found under the dashboard or in the engine compartment. Your owner’s manual will provide the exact location and instructions for your specific vehicle.

Access the Filter: Depending on the location, you may need to remove the glove compartment or other panels to access the filter housing. This usually involves removing a few screws or clips. Be careful not to force anything, and refer to your owner’s manual for specific instructions.

Remove the Old Filter: Once you have access to the filter housing, carefully remove the old cabin air filter. Note the orientation of the filter (usually indicated by an arrow showing the airflow direction) so you can install the new filter correctly.

Inspect the Old Filter: Examine the old filter. If it’s heavily soiled with dirt, dust, leaves, or other debris, it’s definitely time for a replacement.

Install the New Filter: Insert the new cabin air filter into the housing, making sure it’s oriented correctly (following the airflow arrow).

Reassemble: Reinstall any panels or the glove compartment that you removed.

Test the HVAC System: Turn on your EV’s HVAC system and check the airflow. You should notice an improvement in airflow if the old filter was significantly clogged.

Choosing the Right Cabin Air Filter:

There are several types of cabin air filters available:

• Standard Paper Filters: These are the most basic and inexpensive options, providing basic filtration of dust and pollen.
• Activated Carbon Filters: These filters contain activated carbon, which helps absorb odours and gases in addition to filtering out particles.
• HEPA Filters: High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters provide the highest level of filtration, capturing very small particles, including allergens and bacteria.

Choose a filter that meets your needs and budget. If you have allergies or live in an area with high levels of air pollution, consider an activated carbon or HEPA filter. You can easily purchase these filters at Canadian Tire, other auto parts stores, or online.

Pro Tips: Replace your cabin air filter every 12,000 to 15,000 kilometers, or once a year, whichever comes first. However, if you drive in dusty or polluted conditions, you may need to replace it more frequently. This is an easy electric car DIY check and should be part of your regular DIY EV Maintenance.

Brake Fluid Level and Condition

While EVs use regenerative braking, which dramatically decreases wear on traditional friction brakes, brake fluid is still an important part of the total braking system. Brake fluid is a hydraulic fluid that carries force from the brake pedal to the brake callipers, which clamp the brake pads against the rotors to slow or stop the vehicle. Checking the brake fluid level and condition is an important part of DIY EV maintenance since it ensures your EV’s stopping power remains consistent and safe, especially in Canada’s variable driving conditions.

Checking Brake Fluid Level (EV Maintenance at Home):

Locate the Brake Fluid Reservoir: The brake fluid reservoir is typically located under the hood, usually on the driver’s side, near the firewall (the back of the engine compartment). It’s usually made of translucent plastic and has “MIN” and “MAX” markings. Consult your owner’s manual if you have trouble finding it.

Check the Fluid Level: Visually inspect the fluid level against the “MIN” and “MAX” markings on the reservoir. The fluid level should be between these two marks.

Top Up (If Necessary): If the fluid level is below the “MIN” mark, you’ll need to top it up.

• Use the Correct Fluid: Most importantly, only use the brake fluid stated in your owner’s handbook. Different braking fluids (DOT 3, DOT 4, and DOT 5.1) are not compatible. Using the wrong type can cause damage to your brake system.
• Clean the Reservoir Cap: Before opening the reservoir, clean the cap and surrounding area to prevent dirt or debris from entering.
• Slowly Add Fluid: Carefully pour the correct brake fluid into the reservoir until it reaches the “MAX” line. Avoid overfilling.
• Replace the Cap: Securely tighten the reservoir cap.

Checking Brake Fluid Condition (Simple EV Maintenance Checks):

While checking the level is straightforward, assessing the condition of the brake fluid requires a bit more attention.

Visual Inspection: Brake fluid should be clear or light amber. If it’s dark brown or black, it’s likely contaminated with moisture and debris and should be replaced.

Brake Fluid Test Strips: You can purchase brake fluid test strips (available at auto parts stores and online) that measure the moisture content of the fluid. These strips provide a more accurate assessment of the fluid’s condition. Follow the instructions on the package.

Professional Inspection: If you’re unsure about the condition of your brake fluid or if the test strips indicate a problem, it’s best to have a professional mechanic inspect and potentially flush the brake fluid. Brake fluid flushes are typically recommended every two to three years, or as specified in your owner’s manual. This ensures your brake’s optimum performance, especially for driving in places like Canada.

Important Note: If you notice a sudden drop in brake fluid level, or if the brake pedal feels spongy or goes to the floor, do not drive the vehicle. This indicates a leak in the braking system and requires immediate professional attention.

Frequency: Check the brake fluid level every few months, or whenever you’re under the hood. Visually inspect the fluid condition at the same time. Consider using test strips annually or as needed. These are crucial electric car DIY checks for safe driving.

Coolant Level

While EVs don’t have a traditional radiator cooling an internal combustion engine, they do have a cooling system for the battery pack, power electronics, and sometimes the electric motor. This cooling system uses a specialized coolant (often a mixture of water and antifreeze/coolant) to maintain optimal operating temperatures, ensuring the longevity and efficiency of these critical components. 

Checking the coolant level is a straightforward DIY EV maintenance task that’s crucial for preventing overheating and potential damage, especially important in Canada’s extreme temperature fluctuations.

Checking Coolant Level (EV Maintenance at Home):

Locate the Coolant Reservoir(s): EVs may have one or more coolant reservoirs, depending on the design of the cooling system. Consult your owner’s manual for the exact location(s) of the reservoir(s) for your specific model. They are usually translucent plastic containers with “MIN” and “MAX” markings.

Check the Level(s) When Cold: Only check the coolant level when the system is cold. Opening the reservoir when the system is hot can release scalding coolant and steam, causing serious burns.

Visual Inspection: Visually inspect the coolant level in each reservoir against the “MIN” and “MAX” markings. The level should be between these two marks.

Top Up (If Necessary): If the coolant level is low, you’ll need to top it up.

• Use the Correct Coolant: Use only the type of coolant specified in your owner’s manual. Different EVs use different coolant formulations, and using the wrong type can damage the cooling system.
• Clean the Reservoir Cap: Before opening the reservoir, clean the cap and surrounding area to prevent dirt or debris from entering.
• Slowly Add Coolant: Carefully pour the correct coolant into the reservoir until it reaches the “MAX” line. Avoid overfilling.
• Replace the Cap: Securely tighten the reservoir cap.

Important:

• Don’t mix coolants: Never mix different types of coolant, as this can lead to chemical reactions and damage the system.
• If you notice a significant coolant loss: If you need to add coolant frequently, or if you see signs of a leak (puddles under the vehicle), have the system inspected by a professional mechanic.

Pro Tips: Check the coolant level every few months, or whenever you’re under the hood. Pay particular attention to the coolant level during extreme temperature changes (e.g., before winter and before summer in Canada). It is one of the most basic EV maintenance inspections but it’s necessary for your EV.

Embracing DIY EV maintenance is about more than just saving money; it’s about getting to know your vehicle, connecting with its technology, and guaranteeing its long-term health and reliability.

 By performing these electric car DIY checks regularly, you’re proactively addressing potential issues before they escalate, maximizing your EV’s efficiency, and contributing to its longevity. By doing these electric car DIY checks on a regular basis, you may proactively solve potential issues before they escalate, increasing the efficiency of your EV and adding to its longevity. Remember to always prioritize safety, review your owner’s manual for detailed guidance, and never hesitate to seek professional guidance if necessary.

More from Carnex Blog:

Electric Vehicle Storage: How To Prep Your EV For Long-Term Parking

First-Time Electric Car Driver? Here’s What You Need To Know Before Hitting the Road

Winter Driving with Electric Vehicles: How Much Range These Popular EVs Lose In The Cold

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